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Salmonella Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Thrives in the Inflamed Gut by Evading Calprotectin-Mediated Manganese Sequestration.

Diaz-Ochoa VE, Lam D, Lee CS, Klaus S, Behnsen J, Liu JZ, Chim N, Nuccio SP, Rathi SG, Mastroianni JR, Edwards RA, Jacobo CM, Cerasi M, Battistoni A, Ouellette AJ, Goulding CW, Chazin WJ, Skaar EP, Raffatellu M
Cell Host Microbe. 2016 19 (6): 814-25

PMID: 27281571 · PMCID: PMC4901528 · DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.005

Neutrophils hinder bacterial growth by a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the secretion of proteins that sequester nutrients essential to microbes. A major player in this process is calprotectin, a host protein that exerts antimicrobial activity by chelating zinc and manganese. Here we show that the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium uses specialized metal transporters to evade calprotectin sequestration of manganese, allowing the bacteria to outcompete commensals and thrive in the inflamed gut. The pathogen's ability to acquire manganese in turn promotes function of SodA and KatN, enzymes that use the metal as a cofactor to detoxify reactive oxygen species. This manganese-dependent SodA activity allows the bacteria to evade neutrophil killing mediated by calprotectin and reactive oxygen species. Thus, manganese acquisition enables S. Typhimurium to overcome host antimicrobial defenses and support its competitive growth in the intestine.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MeSH Terms (20)

Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents Antioxidants Bacterial Proteins Chelating Agents Escherichia coli Gastroenteritis Intestinal Mucosa Intestines Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex Manganese Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Neutrophils Oxidative Stress Reactive Oxygen Species Salmonella Infections Salmonella typhimurium Symbiosis Zinc

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